Antiquity

Commentarii de Bello Gallico (English: Commentary on the Gallic Wars) is Julius Caesar's direct account of the Gallic Wars, told in the third person. In it, Caesar describes the struggles and intrigues during his nine years in Gaul, fighting local armies rebelling against Roman rule. This work is a...

The word Upanishad (upa-ni-shad) is formed from "Upa", which means "near"; "ni", which means "below"; and "shad", which means "to sit". Therefore, the Upanishads are discussed, studied, practiced and experienced while sitting with the...

British historian George W. Cox wrote that "the entire duration of the Athenian empire spanned a little over two generations". This alliance of Greek city-states headed by Athens attempted to present a united front to the Persian Empire. But in the end, clashes between democratic and...

The Chronicle, the last work of Tacitus, covers the period after the death of Augustus Caesar in AD 14. He wrote at least 16 books, but books 7-10 and parts of books 5, 6, 11, and 16 are lost. Book 6 ends with the death of Tiberius, and Books 7-12 roughly cover the reigns of Caligula and Claudius....

Pre-Socratic Greek philosophers, that is, philosophical scientists who lived before Socrates or were contemporary with him were the first in the Western world to establish a line of study of natural phenomena that rejected traditional religious explanations and sought rational ones. Although they...

Agricola (Latin: De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae, Lit. On the life and character of Julius Agricola) is a book written by the Roman historian Tacitus around 98 about the life of his father-in-law, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, who was important Roman general. It also provides a brief introduction to...

François Pierre Guillaume Guizot was a French historian, orator, and statesman. He played an important role in French politics before the Revolution of 1848, actively opposing the reactionary King Charles X as a Liberal before the July Revolution of 1830, which overthrew King Charles X, and then in...

François Pierre Guillaume Guizot (October 4, 1787 -September 12, 1874) was a French historian, orator, and statesman. Guizot was a dominant figure in French politics prior to the Revolution of 1848, actively opposing as a liberal the reactionary King Charles X before his overthrow in the July...

François Pierre Guillaume Guizot was a French historian, orator, and statesman. Guizot was a key figure in French politics before the Revolution of 1848, active as a Liberal against the reactionary King Charles X before his overthrow in the July Revolution of 1830, and then under Louis...

François Pierre Guillaume Guizot was a French historian, orator, and statesman. Guizot was a key figure in French politics before the Revolution of 1848, active as a Liberal against the reactionary King Charles X before his overthrow in the July Revolution of 1830, and then under Louis...